{
  "edition": "Volume 1 illustrated working edition",
  "updated": "2026-10-30",
  "note": "Exact published source metadata retained. Display fields show the transparent abbreviations used in the book. Short footnote titles are conventional citation labels. Bibliographic links remain unchanged.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "opengin",
      "author": "Ergin Öpengin",
      "title": "The History of Kurdish and the Development of Literary Kurmanji",
      "publication": "In Hamit Bozarslan, Cengiz Gunes and Veli Yadirgi, eds., The Cambridge History of the Kurds (2021), pp. 603–632",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108623711.025"
    },
    {
      "key": "mackenzie",
      "author": "D. N. MacKenzie",
      "title": "The Origins of Kurdish",
      "publication": "Transactions of the Philological Society 60 (1961), pp. 68–86",
      "url": "https://bnk.institutkurde.org/images/pdf/2Z5LQMG713.pdf"
    },
    {
      "key": "tupkish",
      "author": "Giorgio Buccellati",
      "title": "Tupkish",
      "publication": "Urkesh excavation project, seal legends (2002)",
      "url": "https://urkesh.org/01a/575-20.htm"
    },
    {
      "key": "paikuliproject",
      "author": "Italian Archaeological Mission in Iraqi Kurdistan",
      "title": "The Paikuli Inscriptions",
      "publication": "MAIKI project account",
      "url": "https://maiki.it/en/maiki-paikuli-project-2/",
      "display_author": "MAIKI"
    },
    {
      "key": "ashmolean",
      "author": "Ashmolean Museum",
      "title": "Sumerian King List",
      "publication": "Collection account, object AN1923.444",
      "url": "https://ashmolean.web.ox.ac.uk/sumerian-king-list"
    },
    {
      "key": "gutians",
      "author": "Marc Van De Mieroop",
      "title": "Gutians",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XI, pp. 408–410 (2002)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gutians/"
    },
    {
      "key": "cyrtians",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Cyrtians",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, p. 515 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrtians-gk/"
    },
    {
      "key": "median",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Median Language",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2021)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/median-language/"
    },
    {
      "key": "shanidar",
      "author": "University of Cambridge Department of Archaeology",
      "title": "Shanidar Cave Project",
      "publication": "Project account",
      "url": "https://www.arch.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/current-projects/shanidar-cave-project"
    },
    {
      "key": "shanidar2020",
      "author": "Emma Pomeroy and colleagues",
      "title": "New Neanderthal remains associated with the flower burial at Shanidar Cave",
      "publication": "Antiquity 94 (2020), pp. 11–26",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.207"
    },
    {
      "key": "braidwood",
      "author": "Linda S. Braidwood, Robert J. Braidwood, Bruce Howe, Charles A. Reed and Patty Jo Watson, editors",
      "title": "Prehistoric Archeology Along the Zagros Flanks",
      "publication": "Oriental Institute Publications 105 (1983)",
      "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/publications/prehistoric-archeology-along-zagros-flanks"
    },
    {
      "key": "halaf",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art",
      "title": "The Halaf Period 6500–5500 BC",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2003)",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/fr/essays/the-halaf-period-6500-5500-b-c"
    },
    {
      "key": "godin",
      "author": "Encyclopaedia Iranica",
      "title": "Godin Tepe",
      "publication": "Vol. XI, pp. 39–40 (2001)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/godin/"
    },
    {
      "key": "broushaki",
      "author": "Farnaz Broushaki and colleagues",
      "title": "Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent",
      "publication": "Science 353 (2016), pp. 499–503",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7943"
    },
    {
      "key": "lazaridis",
      "author": "Iosif Lazaridis and colleagues",
      "title": "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East",
      "publication": "Nature 536 (2016), pp. 419–424",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19310"
    },
    {
      "key": "kinglist",
      "author": "Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature",
      "title": "The Sumerian king list",
      "publication": "University of Oxford, composition 2.1.1",
      "url": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.1"
    },
    {
      "key": "agade",
      "author": "Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature",
      "title": "The cursing of Agade",
      "publication": "University of Oxford, composition 2.1.5",
      "url": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.5"
    },
    {
      "key": "utuhegal",
      "author": "Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature",
      "title": "The victory of Utu-hegal",
      "publication": "University of Oxford, composition 2.1.6",
      "url": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.6"
    },
    {
      "key": "hurrian",
      "author": "Gernot Wilhelm",
      "title": "Hurrian",
      "publication": "In Roger D. Woodard, ed., The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor (2008), pp. 81–104",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486845.012"
    },
    {
      "key": "urkesheals",
      "author": "Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati",
      "title": "Glyptics A15",
      "publication": "Urkesh excavation project Unit Book A15 (2014, updated 2024), section The sealings in sector AK",
      "url": "https://urkesh.org/MZ/a/A15/TEXTS/A2/glyptics.htm"
    },
    {
      "key": "urkeshreligion",
      "author": "Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati",
      "title": "The morphology of the Hurrian sacred",
      "publication": "Archeologia del Sacro Ebla e Siria (2016)",
      "url": "https://urkesh.org/EL2/Kelly-Buccellati_2016_Morphology_of_the_Hurrian_sacred.pdf"
    },
    {
      "key": "nuzi",
      "author": "Leon Legrain",
      "title": "Nuzi",
      "publication": "Museum Bulletin X, nos. 3–4 (1944), pp. 68–69",
      "url": "https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/2705/"
    },
    {
      "key": "mesopotamia2000",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art",
      "title": "Mesopotamia 2000–1000 BC",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History",
      "url": "https://82nd-and-fifth.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/wam.html"
    },
    {
      "key": "mitanniletter",
      "author": "British Museum",
      "title": "Letter from Tushratta of Mitanni to Amenhotep III",
      "publication": "Amarna letter EA 23, museum number E29793",
      "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1888-1013-78"
    },
    {
      "key": "medesradner",
      "author": "Assyrian Empire Builders project",
      "title": "The Medes purveyors of fine horses",
      "publication": "State Archives of Assyria Online",
      "url": "https://oracc2.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Countries/TheMedes/"
    },
    {
      "key": "radner2013",
      "author": "Karen Radner",
      "title": "Assyria and the Medes",
      "publication": "In D. T. Potts, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran (2013)",
      "url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1397066/1/Radner_OHAI%20%282013%29%20Assyria%20%26%20Medes.pdf",
      "display_publication": "In D. T. Potts, ed., Oxford handbook volume (2013; series title abbreviated)"
    },
    {
      "key": "deioces",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Deioces",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VII, pp. 226–227 (1994)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deioces/"
    },
    {
      "key": "ecbatana",
      "author": "Stuart C. Brown",
      "title": "Ecbatana",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VIII, pp. 80–84 (1997)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ecbatana/"
    },
    {
      "key": "chronicles",
      "author": "Muhammad A. Dandamayev",
      "title": "Babylonian Chronicles",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2002)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/babylonian-chronicles/"
    },
    {
      "key": "media",
      "author": "Muhammad A. Dandamayev and Inna N. Medvedskaya",
      "title": "Media",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2006)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/media/"
    },
    {
      "key": "nabonidus",
      "author": "Nabonidus Chronicle",
      "title": "Chronicle concerning the reign of Nabonidus",
      "publication": "British Museum BM 35382; online translation, Livius",
      "url": "https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-7-nabonidus-chronicle/"
    },
    {
      "key": "astyages",
      "author": "Encyclopaedia Iranica",
      "title": "Astyages",
      "publication": "Entry on the last Median king",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astyages-the-last-median-king/"
    },
    {
      "key": "limbert",
      "author": "John Limbert",
      "title": "The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran",
      "publication": "Iranian Studies 1, no. 2 (1968), pp. 41–51",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00210866808701350",
      "display_title": "The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds [title abbreviated]",
      "short_title": "Origins and Appearance of the Kurds"
    },
    {
      "key": "achaemenid",
      "author": "Encyclopaedia Iranica",
      "title": "Achaemenid Dynasty II The Empire",
      "publication": "Survey of the dynasty and imperial institutions",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-dynasty/achaemenid-dynasty-ii-the-empire/"
    },
    {
      "key": "bisotun",
      "author": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre",
      "title": "Bisotun",
      "publication": "World Heritage property 1222",
      "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1222/"
    },
    {
      "key": "fortification",
      "author": "Richard T. Hallock",
      "title": "Persepolis Fortification Tablets",
      "publication": "Oriental Institute Publications 92 (1969); publisher account and text edition",
      "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/publications/persepolis-fortification-tablets"
    },
    {
      "key": "carduchi",
      "author": "Muhammad A. Dandamayev",
      "title": "Carduchi",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica IV, p. 806 (1990)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carduchi-latin-form-of-greek-kardokhoi/"
    },
    {
      "key": "xenophon",
      "author": "Xenophon",
      "title": "Anabasis",
      "publication": "Books III–IV; H. G. Dakyns translation, Project Gutenberg 1170",
      "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1170"
    },
    {
      "key": "lee",
      "author": "John W. I. Lee",
      "title": "A Greek Army on the March Soldiers and Survival in Xenophon’s Anabasis",
      "publication": "Cambridge University Press (2008), publisher preview and contents",
      "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/greek-army-on-the-march/9F8CE81372342159B17B457F361261C8"
    },
    {
      "key": "gordyene",
      "author": "Michał Marciak",
      "title": "Gordyene",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2021)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gordyene/"
    },
    {
      "key": "seleucid",
      "author": "Rolf Strootman",
      "title": "Seleucid Empire",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2015)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/seleucid-empire/"
    },
    {
      "key": "seleucidmet",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art",
      "title": "The Seleucid Empire 323–64 BC",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2004)",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c"
    },
    {
      "key": "parthian",
      "author": "Blair Fowlkes-Childs and the Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art",
      "title": "The Parthian Empire 247 BC–AD 224",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2000, revised 2016)",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/the-parthian-empire-247-b-c-224-a-d"
    },
    {
      "key": "ctesiphon",
      "author": "Jens Kröger",
      "title": "Ctesiphon",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, pp. 446–448 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ctesiphon/"
    },
    {
      "key": "adiabene",
      "author": "David Grenville Sellwood",
      "title": "Adiabene",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica I, pp. 456–459 (1983)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/adiabene/"
    },
    {
      "key": "josephus",
      "author": "Flavius Josephus",
      "title": "Antiquities of the Jews",
      "publication": "Book 20, chapter 2, section 5 (49–53), William Whiston translation, 1895 edition; Perseus Digital Library",
      "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0146%3Abook%3D20%3Awhiston+chapter%3D2%3Awhiston+section%3D5"
    },
    {
      "key": "sasanian",
      "author": "Blair Fowlkes-Childs and the Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art",
      "title": "The Sasanian Empire AD 224–651",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2003, revised 2016)",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/the-sasanian-empire-224-651-a-d"
    },
    {
      "key": "paikuli",
      "author": "Carlo G. Cereti and Gianfilippo Terribili",
      "title": "The Middle Persian and Parthian inscriptions on the Paikuli tower New blocks and preliminary studies",
      "publication": "Iranica Antiqua 49 (2014), pp. 347–412",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2143/ia.49.0.3009246"
    },
    {
      "key": "karnamag",
      "author": "Carlo Giovanni Cereti",
      "title": "Kār-nāmag ī Ardašīr ī Pābagān",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XV, pp. 585–588 (2011)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karnamag-i-ardasir/"
    },
    {
      "key": "conquest",
      "author": "Michael G. Morony",
      "title": "Arab II Arab Conquest of Iran",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica II, pp. 203–210 (1986)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arab-ii/",
      "display_title": "Arab Conquest [title abbreviated]",
      "short_title": "Arab conquest"
    },
    {
      "key": "tigrisgeog",
      "author": "Daniel Thomas Potts",
      "title": "Tigris River",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2006)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tigris-river/",
      "short_author": "Potts",
      "short_title": "Tigris River",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "sealpractice",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art",
      "title": "Cylinder seal and modern impression worshiper pouring a libation before a seated god",
      "publication": "Collection record 59.41.37",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/324867",
      "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum",
      "short_title": "Cylinder seal 59.41.37",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "shanidarpollen",
      "author": "Chris O. Hunt, Emma Pomeroy, Tim Reynolds, Emily Tilby and Graeme Barker",
      "title": "Shanidar et ses fleurs Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal Flower Burial hypothesis",
      "publication": "Journal of Archaeological Science 159 (2023), 105822",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2023.105822",
      "short_author": "Hunt et al.",
      "short_title": "Shanidar et ses fleurs",
      "consulted_scope": "Published abstract and author-hosted published paper first page",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "shanidarcooking",
      "author": "Ceren Kabukcu, Chris Hunt, Evan Hill, Emma Pomeroy, Tim Reynolds, Graeme Barker and Eleni Asouti",
      "title": "Cooking in caves Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar",
      "publication": "Antiquity 97, no. 391 (2023), pp. 12–28; first published online 2022",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.143",
      "short_author": "Kabukcu et al.",
      "short_title": "Cooking in caves",
      "consulted_scope": "Published abstract and discussion of processed plant remains",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "jarmofood",
      "author": "Lara González Carretero, Leilani Lucas, Chris Stevens and Dorian Q Fuller",
      "title": "Investigating early agriculture plant use and culinary practices at Neolithic Jarmo Iraqi Kurdistan",
      "publication": "Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 52 (2023), 104264",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104264",
      "short_author": "González Carretero et al.",
      "short_title": "Early agriculture at Jarmo",
      "consulted_scope": "Published paper, abstract and pp. 1–3; White Rose repository copy",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Investigating early agriculture plant use and culinary practices at Neolithic Jarmo [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "choghagolan",
      "author": "Simone Riehl, Mohsen Zeidi and Nicholas J. Conard",
      "title": "Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran",
      "publication": "Science 341, no. 6141 (2013), pp. 65–67",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236743",
      "short_author": "Riehl, Zeidi and Conard",
      "short_title": "Emergence of agriculture",
      "consulted_scope": "Published abstract via PubMed and University of Tübingen bibliographic record",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "goatherding",
      "author": "Kevin G. Daly and colleagues",
      "title": "Herded and hunted goat genomes from the dawn of domestication in the Zagros Mountains",
      "publication": "PNAS 118, no. 25 (2021), e2100901118",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100901118",
      "short_author": "Daly et al.",
      "short_title": "Herded and hunted goat genomes",
      "consulted_scope": "Published abstract, significance statement and archaeozoological evidence section",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "bestansur",
      "author": "Central Zagros Archaeological Project and MENTICA",
      "title": "Bestansur",
      "publication": "University of Reading excavation project account",
      "url": "https://research.reading.ac.uk/mentica/bestansur/",
      "short_author": "MENTICA",
      "short_title": "Bestansur",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "akkadmet",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art",
      "title": "The Akkadian Period ca 2350–2150 BC",
      "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2004)",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-akkadian-period-ca-2350-2150-b-c",
      "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum",
      "short_title": "The Akkadian Period",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "naramsin",
      "author": "Musée du Louvre",
      "title": "Stèle de Naram-Sin",
      "publication": "Collection record SB 4; AS 6065",
      "url": "https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010123450",
      "short_author": "Louvre",
      "short_title": "Stele of Naram-Sin SB 4",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "lulubi",
      "author": "Ran Zadok",
      "title": "Lulubi",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2005)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/lulubi/",
      "short_author": "Zadok",
      "short_title": "Lulubi",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "leilancollapse",
      "author": "Harvey Weiss",
      "title": "Megadrought collapse and resilience in late 3rd millennium BC Mesopotamia",
      "publication": "In H. Meller, H. W. Arz, R. Jung and R. Risch, eds., 2200 BC A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world, Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (2015), pp. 35–52",
      "url": "https://leilan.yale.edu/sites/default/files/publications/article-specific/weiss_2015_megadrought_collapse_and_resilience_halle.pdf",
      "short_author": "Weiss",
      "short_title": "Megadrought collapse and resilience",
      "consulted_scope": "Relevant text on the Leilan and Brak buildings and abandonment checked; title pages and printed pp. 35–52 verified in the author-hosted PDF",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "collapseisotopes",
      "author": "Arkadiusz Sołtysiak and Ricardo Fernandes",
      "title": "Much ado about nothing assessing the impact of the 4.2 kya event on human subsistence patterns in northern Mesopotamia using stable isotope analysis",
      "publication": "Antiquity 95, no. 383 (2021), pp. 1145–1160",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.117",
      "short_author": "Sołtysiak and Fernandes",
      "short_title": "Much ado about nothing",
      "consulted_scope": "Published abstract and conclusions; 75 individuals from three Khabur sites",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "taramagade",
      "author": "Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati",
      "title": "Taram-Agade Daughter of Naram-Sin at Urkesh",
      "publication": "In L. al-Gailani Werr and colleagues, eds., Of Pots and Plans (2002), pp. 11–31",
      "url": "https://urkesh.org/attach/Buccellati%202002%20Taram%20Agade%20Daughter%20of%20Naram%20Sin.pdf",
      "short_author": "Buccellati and Kelly-Buccellati",
      "short_title": "Taram-Agade at Urkesh",
      "consulted_scope": "Excavation report opening, seal inscription, archaeological context and queen interpretation",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "amarnajourney",
      "author": "Leah Mascia and Szilvia Sövegjártó",
      "title": "A Journey through Kingdoms A letter from Tushratta to Amenhotep III",
      "publication": "Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, University of Hamburg, Artefact of the Month 22",
      "url": "https://www.csmc.uni-hamburg.de/publications/aom/022-en.html",
      "short_author": "Mascia and Sövegjártó",
      "short_title": "A Journey through Kingdoms",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "amarnagold",
      "author": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures",
      "title": "The Kingdom of Mitanni",
      "publication": "Gallery tour The Time of Tutankhamun, section 2; fragment OIM 9356",
      "url": "https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/time_of_tutankhamun_tour.pdf",
      "short_author": "ISAC",
      "short_title": "The Kingdom of Mitanni",
      "consulted_scope": "Museum tour text on the letter to Tiye and gift complaint",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "earlyiranian",
      "author": "Prods Oktor Skjærvø",
      "title": "Iran vi Iranian Languages and Scripts 1 Earliest Evidence",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XIII, pp. 345–348 (2006)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-vi1-earliest-evidence/",
      "short_author": "Skjærvø",
      "short_title": "Earliest Evidence",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Iranian Languages and Scripts 1 Earliest Evidence [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "urartuiran",
      "author": "Wolfram Kleiss",
      "title": "Urartu in Iran",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2008)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/urartu-in-iran/",
      "short_author": "Kleiss",
      "short_title": "Urartu",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Urartu [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "mannea",
      "author": "Assyrian Empire Builders project",
      "title": "Mannea a forgotten kingdom of Iran",
      "publication": "State Archives of Assyria Online",
      "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Countries/Mannea/",
      "short_author": "Assyrian Empire Builders",
      "short_title": "Mannea",
      "consulted_scope": "Public research synthesis citing SAA 5 169 and SAA 11 31",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Mannea a forgotten kingdom [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "hasanlulastday",
      "author": "Penn Museum",
      "title": "Last Day at Hasanlu",
      "publication": "Expedition magazine, excavation retrospective",
      "url": "https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/last-day-at-hasanlu/",
      "short_author": "Penn Museum",
      "short_title": "Last Day at Hasanlu",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "medetribute",
      "author": "French Ministry of Culture",
      "title": "Medes tributaries",
      "publication": "Khorsabad archaeological presentation; Corridor X reliefs",
      "url": "https://archeologie.culture.gouv.fr/khorsabad/en/medes-tributaries",
      "short_author": "Ministry of Culture",
      "short_title": "Medes tributaries",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "nushijan",
      "author": "David Stronach",
      "title": "Tepe Nush-i Jan The Median Settlement",
      "publication": "The Cambridge History of Iran, chapter 19; online edition 2008",
      "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-iran/tepe-nushi-jan-the-median-settlement/68B6E43D3387B0A0EFB36C8C59A84C9B",
      "short_author": "Stronach",
      "short_title": "Tepe Nush-i Jan",
      "consulted_scope": "Published chapter summary and section The buildings; full chapter not accessed",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_publication": "Cambridge University Press history series, chapter 19; online edition 2008 [series title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "ninevehchronicle",
      "author": "British Museum",
      "title": "Cuneiform tablet with part of the Babylonian Chronicle 616–609 BC",
      "publication": "Collection record and explanatory account, BM 21901; hosted in Google Arts and Culture",
      "url": "https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/cuneiform-tablet-with-part-of-the-babylonian-chronicle-616-609-bc/xAEPSobA2ozDxw?hl=en",
      "short_author": "British Museum",
      "short_title": "Fall of Nineveh Chronicle BM 21901",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "cyrusgreat",
      "author": "Muhammad A. Dandamayev",
      "title": "Cyrus iii Cyrus II The Great",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, pp. 516–521 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iiI/",
      "short_author": "Dandamayev",
      "short_title": "Cyrus II The Great",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "cyruscylinder",
      "author": "British Museum",
      "title": "Cyrus cylinder",
      "publication": "Collection record and commentary, BM 90920; hosted in Google Arts and Culture",
      "url": "https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/cyrus-cylinder/4wHjbQnYhZgzVQ?hl=en",
      "short_author": "British Museum",
      "short_title": "Cyrus Cylinder BM 90920",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "medianrelief",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art",
      "title": "Relief figure in a procession",
      "publication": "Collection record 39.133, Persepolis, ca. 405–359 BCE",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/323723",
      "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum",
      "short_title": "Procession relief 39.133",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "bisotuntext",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Bisotun iii Darius inscriptions",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica IV, pp. 299–305 (2000)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bisotun-iii/",
      "short_author": "Schmitt",
      "short_title": "Darius inscriptions at Bisotun",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "pfaproject",
      "author": "Persepolis Fortification Archive Project",
      "title": "The Persepolis Fortification Archive Project",
      "publication": "University of Chicago OCHRE project account",
      "url": "https://voices.uchicago.edu/ochre/project/pfa/",
      "short_author": "PFA Project",
      "short_title": "Persepolis Fortification Archive",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "womenancient",
      "author": "Maria Brosius",
      "title": "Women i In Pre-Islamic Persia",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2000)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i/",
      "short_author": "Brosius",
      "short_title": "Women in Pre-Islamic Persia",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "achaemeconomy",
      "author": "Muhammad A. Dandamayev",
      "title": "Economy iii In the Achaemenid Period",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VIII, pp. 101–104 (1997)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-iii/",
      "short_author": "Dandamayev",
      "short_title": "Economy in the Achaemenid Period",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "ancientletters",
      "author": "Ahmad Tafazzoli",
      "title": "Correspondence i In pre-Islamic Persia",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, pp. 287–290 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/correspondence-i/",
      "short_author": "Tafazzoli",
      "short_title": "Correspondence in pre-Islamic Persia",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "cyrusyounger",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Cyrus vi Cyrus the Younger",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, pp. 524–526 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-vi-younger/",
      "short_author": "Schmitt",
      "short_title": "Cyrus the Younger",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "cunaxa",
      "author": "Alireza Shapur Shahbazi",
      "title": "Cunaxa",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica VI, pp. 455–456 (1993)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cunaxa/",
      "short_author": "Shahbazi",
      "short_title": "Cunaxa",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "tissaphernes",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Cithrafarnah Tissaphernes",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica V, pp. 636–637 (1991)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cirafarnah-elamite/",
      "short_author": "Schmitt",
      "short_title": "Tissaphernes",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "strabogordyene",
      "author": "Strabo",
      "title": "Geography",
      "publication": "Book 16, chapter 1, §§24–25; H. L. Jones translation, Loeb Classical Library VII (1932); LacusCurtius public domain text",
      "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/16A%2A.html",
      "short_author": "Strabo",
      "short_title": "Geography",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "gaugamela",
      "author": "Ernst Badian",
      "title": "Gaugamela",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica X, pp. 332–333 (2000)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gaugamela-/",
      "short_author": "Badian",
      "short_title": "Gaugamela",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "atropates",
      "author": "Marie Louise Chaumont",
      "title": "Atropates",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica III, pp. 17–18 (1987)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atropates-aturpat-lit/",
      "short_author": "Chaumont",
      "short_title": "Atropates",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "seleuciatigris",
      "author": "Margaret Stephana Drower, Susan Mary Sherwin-White and R. J. van der Spek",
      "title": "Seleuceia 1 on Tigris",
      "publication": "Oxford Classical Dictionary (2016)",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5792",
      "short_author": "Drower, Sherwin-White and van der Spek",
      "short_title": "Seleuceia on Tigris",
      "consulted_scope": "Published reference extract; full entry not accessed",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "seleucuscoin",
      "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art",
      "title": "Tetradrachm of Seleucus I",
      "publication": "Collection record 2021.40.87; ca. 298–281 BCE",
      "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/330169",
      "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum",
      "short_title": "Seleucus tetradrachm 2021.40.87",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "antiochuscylinder",
      "author": "Kathryn Stevens",
      "title": "The Antiochus Cylinder Babylonian scholarship and Seleucid imperial ideology",
      "publication": "Journal of Hellenic Studies 134 (2014), pp. 66–88; author manuscript in Durham repository",
      "url": "https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/OutputFile/1454346",
      "short_author": "Stevens",
      "short_title": "The Antiochus Cylinder",
      "consulted_scope": "Relevant manuscript passages on the inscription and temple restoration; bibliographic container verified against Crossref",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "carrhae",
      "author": "Alireza Shapur Shahbazi",
      "title": "Carrhae",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica V, pp. 9–13 (1990)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrhae-harran-town-in-mesopotamia-where-in-may-53-b/",
      "short_author": "Shahbazi",
      "short_title": "Carrhae",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "gordyeneoxford",
      "author": "Eric William Gray",
      "title": "Gordyene",
      "publication": "Oxford Classical Dictionary (2015)",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2868",
      "short_author": "Gray",
      "short_title": "Gordyene",
      "consulted_scope": "Published entry extract; full entry not accessed",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "hatraunesco",
      "author": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre",
      "title": "Hatra",
      "publication": "World Heritage property 277; Statement of Outstanding Universal Value",
      "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/277",
      "short_author": "UNESCO",
      "short_title": "Hatra",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "hatraepigraphy",
      "author": "Rüdiger Schmitt",
      "title": "Hatra",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XII, pp. 58–61 (2003)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hatra/",
      "short_author": "Schmitt",
      "short_title": "Hatra",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "parthianart",
      "author": "Susan B. Downey",
      "title": "Art in Iran iv Parthian Art",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica II, pp. 580–585 (1986)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/art-in-iran-iv-parthian/",
      "short_author": "Downey",
      "short_title": "Parthian Art",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Parthian Art [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "shapurhistory",
      "author": "Alireza Shapur Shahbazi",
      "title": "Shapur I History",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2002)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shapur-i/",
      "short_author": "Shahbazi",
      "short_title": "Shapur I",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "paikulicolumbia",
      "author": "Matthew Peebles, content manager",
      "title": "Paikuli Monument",
      "publication": "Mapping Mesopotamian Monuments, Columbia University (2019)",
      "url": "https://mcid.mcah.columbia.edu/mapping-mesopotamian-monuments/paikuli-monument",
      "short_author": "Mapping Mesopotamian Monuments",
      "short_title": "Paikuli Monument",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "narsehhistory",
      "author": "Ursula Weber",
      "title": "Narseh",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2016)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/narseh-sasanian-king/",
      "short_author": "Weber",
      "short_title": "Narseh",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "kartir",
      "author": "Prods Oktor Skjærvø",
      "title": "Kartir",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2011)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kartir/",
      "short_author": "Skjærvø",
      "short_title": "Kartir",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "christianliterary",
      "author": "James R. Russell",
      "title": "Christianity i In Pre-Islamic Persia Literary Sources",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica V, pp. 523–528 (1991)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/christianity-i/",
      "short_author": "Russell",
      "short_title": "Christianity in Pre-Islamic Persia",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "royalhunt",
      "author": "Alireza Shapur Shahbazi",
      "title": "Hunting in Iran i In the pre-Islamic Period",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XII, pp. 577–580 (2004)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hunting-in-iran/",
      "short_author": "Shahbazi",
      "short_title": "Hunting in the pre-Islamic period",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25",
      "display_title": "Hunting in the pre-Islamic period [title abbreviated]"
    },
    {
      "key": "khosrowlastwar",
      "author": "James Howard-Johnston",
      "title": "Khosrow II",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2000)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khosrow-ii/",
      "short_author": "Howard-Johnston",
      "short_title": "Khosrow II",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "kurdishstudies",
      "author": "Joyce Blau",
      "title": "Kurdish Language ii History of Kurdish Studies",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica (2025)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-ii-history-of-kurdish-studies/",
      "short_author": "Blau",
      "short_title": "History of Kurdish Studies",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "kavahero",
      "author": "Mahmoud Omidsalar",
      "title": "Kava",
      "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica XVI, pp. 130–132 (2013)",
      "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kava-hero/",
      "short_author": "Omidsalar",
      "short_title": "Kava",
      "consulted_scope": "Public article or collection record; relevant passages checked online",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    },
    {
      "key": "newrozstudy",
      "author": "Delal Aydin",
      "title": "The making of Newroz intangible cultural heritage and Kurdish ethnopolitical mobilisation",
      "publication": "International Journal of Heritage Studies, online 24 August 2026, pp. 1–20",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2026.2723881",
      "short_author": "Aydin",
      "short_title": "The making of Newroz",
      "consulted_scope": "Publisher-indexed full-text sections on Kawa and collective identity; full page open returned 403; publication date and authorship verified against Crossref",
      "consulted_date": "2026-10-25"
    }
  ]
}