{ "volume": 3, "date": "2026-10-31", "status": "Illustrated reading edition; independent specialist review and final copy editing pending", "sources": { "baha": { "author": "Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad", "title": "The Life of Saladin", "publication": "Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, vol. XIII, London, 1897; edition associated with C. W. Wilson and C. R. Conder", "url": "https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti13paleuoft", "consulted_scope": "Public domain scan and OCR; opening biography, Part I on conduct and Part II selected campaign accounts, including 1164–1187, Acre, negotiations, final campaign and death. Notes identify parts and sections or the named episode. The nineteenth-century translation has errors and dated editorial language.", "short_author": "Ibn Shaddad", "short_title": "The Life of Saladin" }, "lane-saladin": { "author": "Stanley Lane-Poole", "title": "Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", "publication": "G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1898", "url": "https://archive.org/details/saladinfallofkin00lane", "consulted_scope": "Public domain OCR consulted for selected chapters across the biography; checked especially youth, Egypt, campaigns to 1186, Hattin, Jerusalem and Third Crusade. Used as an older synthesis, not as current specialist consensus.", "short_author": "Lane-Poole", "short_title": "Saladin" }, "lane-egypt": { "author": "Stanley Lane-Poole", "title": "A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages", "publication": "Methuen, 1901, especially chapters VI–IX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/historyofegyptin00lane", "consulted_scope": "Public domain OCR; selected late Fatimid passages, Ayyubid chapters VII–VIII and early Mamluk chapter IX. Older interpretive judgments, racial language, army totals and sensational famine details not adopted.", "short_author": "Lane-Poole", "short_title": "Egypt in the Middle Ages" }, "ayyubids": { "author": "R. Stephen Humphreys", "title": "Ayyubids", "publication": "Encyclopaedia Iranica III, fasc. 2, pp. 164–167, 1987; online revision 2017", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayyubids/", "consulted_scope": "Full online overview consulted; supports Kurdish family origin, family confederation, chronology and some regional continuities. Its 1462 endpoint for Hisn Kayfa is qualified through later local scholarship.", "short_author": "Humphreys", "short_title": "Ayyubids" }, "james2006": { "author": "Boris James", "title": "Saladin et les Kurdes Perception d’un groupe au temps des Croisades", "publication": "Études kurdes, hors série 2, 2006", "url": "https://www.institutkurde.org/publications/etude_kurdes/hors_serie_2.php", "consulted_scope": "Institute publication page and substantial introductory discussion; not a claim to have read the complete printed study. Supports approach to Kurdish affiliations and the place of the dynasty within a wider society.", "short_author": "James", "short_title": "Saladin et les Kurdes" }, "james2014": { "author": "Boris James", "title": "Arab Ethnonyms (‘Ajam, ‘Arab, Badū and Turk): The Kurdish Case as a Paradigm for Thinking about Differences in the Middle Ages", "publication": "Iranian Studies 47, no. 5, 2014, pp. 683–712", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2014.934149", "consulted_scope": "Publisher abstract and visible bibliographic information, as retained for Volume 2; limited use for the distinction between medieval group categories and modern nationality. Not the complete article.", "short_author": "James", "short_title": "Arab Ethnonyms" }, "hattin": { "author": "Fordham University Internet Medieval Sourcebook", "title": "The Battle of Hattin, 1187", "publication": "Translated extract hosted by Fordham; adapted from James Brundage, The Crusades A Documentary Survey, 1962", "url": "https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/source/1187hattin.asp", "consulted_scope": "Complete hosted extract; used briefly alongside public domain narrative, not as an eyewitness transcript of every reported speech.", "short_author": "Medieval Sourcebook", "short_title": "Battle of Hattin" }, "ernoul": { "author": "Ernoul tradition", "title": "The Capture of Jerusalem, 1187", "publication": "Translated extract hosted by Fordham University Internet Medieval Sourcebook", "url": "https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/source/1187ernoul.asp", "consulted_scope": "Hosted translated extract; limited use for surrender and ransom, compared with Ibn Shaddad and Lane-Poole. The modern translation is not reproduced.", "short_author": "Ernoul tradition", "short_title": "Capture of Jerusalem" }, "frederick": { "author": "Frederick II and Gerold of Jerusalem", "title": "Frederick II’s Crusade Letters, 1229", "publication": "Fordham University Internet Medieval Sourcebook; older translations from Roger of Wendover and historical source collections", "url": "https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/source/fred2cdelets.asp", "consulted_scope": "Both hosted letters consulted; evidence of divergent representations of the settlement, not an extant signed treaty original.", "short_author": "Frederick II and Gerold", "short_title": "Letters of 1229" }, "loud-letters": { "author": "G. A. Loud, translator", "title": "Letters relating to the Fifth Crusade, the Crusade of Frederick II and to the Crusader States during the Pontificates of Honorius III and Gregory IX", "publication": "Working translations, White Rose Research Online, repository record 215344", "url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/215344/1/Papal-Letters-13C.pdf", "consulted_scope": "Repository PDF and selected letters on Damietta and the 1229 settlement. Author identifies translations as work in progress; no extended quotation used.", "short_author": "Loud", "short_title": "Crusade letters" }, "dayfa": { "author": "Taef Kamal El-Azhari", "title": "Dayfa Khatun, Ayyubid Queen of Aleppo: 634–640 A.H./1236–1242 A.D.", "publication": "Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies 15, 2000, pp. 27–55; DOI 10.24498/ajames.15.0_27", "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajames/15/0/15_KJ00004403812/_article", "consulted_scope": "Publisher record and downloaded full PDF; English introduction and selected passages on family setting and regency. Publication year verified as 2000, not 1999.", "short_author": "El-Azhari", "short_title": "Dayfa Khatun" }, "nuri": { "author": "Abd al-Razzaq Moaz and Zena Takieddine", "title": "Hospital (Bimaristan) Nur al-Din", "publication": "Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, online monument record", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3BISL%3Bsy%3BMon01%3B15%3Ben", "consulted_scope": "Full monument description and attribution; founded 1154 under Nur al-Din, not an original Ayyubid foundation.", "short_author": "Moaz and Takieddine", "short_title": "Nuri hospital" }, "shamiyya": { "author": "Abd al-Razzaq Moaz and Zena Takieddine", "title": "Madrasa al-Shamiyya", "publication": "Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, online monument record", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments%3BISL%3Bsy%3BMon01%3B10%3Ben", "consulted_scope": "Full monument description, patron and endowment discussion.", "short_author": "Moaz and Takieddine", "short_title": "Shamiyya madrasa" }, "firdaws": { "author": "Zena Takieddine and Samer Abd al-Ghafour", "title": "Madrasat al-Firdaws", "publication": "Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, online monument record", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3Bisl%3Bsy%3Bmon01%3B4%3Ben", "consulted_scope": "Monument description and inscriptions consulted. Broad 1230s date used; erroneous calendar equivalence and claim of nearly twenty years of independent rule not repeated.", "short_author": "Takieddine and Abd al-Ghafour", "short_title": "Firdaws madrasa" }, "salihiyya": { "author": "Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt", "title": "Madrasa and Mausoleum of al-Saleh Najm al-Din Ayyub", "publication": "Discover Egypt’s Monuments, online monument record", "url": "https://egymonuments.gov.eg/monuments/madrasa-and-mausoleum-of-al-salih-nagm-al-din-ayyub/", "consulted_scope": "Official monument description read through web retrieval. Used for madrasa date and four legal schools; statement suggesting death in battle rejected in favour of the documented death during illness in November 1249.", "short_author": "Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities", "short_title": "Salihiyya complex" }, "cairo-citadel": { "author": "Cairo Governorate", "title": "Salah El-Din’s Citadel", "publication": "Cairo Portal, cultural destination record", "url": "https://cairo.gov.eg/en/tourism/tourism-destinations/cultural/saladin-citadel/", "consulted_scope": "Official site overview consulted for successive construction and later additions; not a measured archaeological survey.", "short_author": "Cairo Governorate", "short_title": "Citadel" }, "maimonides": { "author": "Joseph Jacobs, Isaac Broydé and contributors", "title": "Moses ben Maimon", "publication": "The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 9, 1905, pp. 73–86; digitised historical reference entry", "url": "https://sefaria.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11124-moses-ben-maimon", "consulted_scope": "Public domain entry, biographical passages on Egypt and medical service; not used for unverified stories about invitations from Richard I.", "short_author": "Jewish Encyclopedia", "short_title": "Moses ben Maimon" }, "alexandria-coin": { "author": "Bibliotheca Alexandrina Antiquities Museum", "title": "Gold dinar of the Ayyubid dynasty", "publication": "Collection record, Alexandria mint, 596 AH", "url": "https://antiquities.bibalex.org/Collection/Detail.aspx?a=968&collection=42&lang=en", "consulted_scope": "Official catalogue record on al-Adil and al-Kamil. Photograph not reproduced; original explanatory inscription hierarchy used.", "short_author": "Bibliotheca Alexandrina", "short_title": "Ayyubid dinar" }, "met-ayyubid": { "author": "Linda Komaroff and Suzan Yalman", "title": "The Art of the Ayyubid Period (ca. 1171–1260)", "publication": "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art, October 2001", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-art-of-the-ayyubid-period-ca-1171-1260", "consulted_scope": "Museum essay consulted; workshop context used cautiously. A geographical nisba is not treated as proof of every maker’s ethnicity or exact production place.", "short_author": "Komaroff and Yalman", "short_title": "Art of the Ayyubid period", "display_byline": "Linda Komaroff and Suzan Yalman", "preferred_citation_author": "Suzan Yalman, based on original work by Linda Komaroff", "contributor_credit_checked": "2026-11-03", "credit_note": "The page header uses the two-name byline; its Contributors and preferred MLA citation identify Yalman as author based on original work by Komaroff. Both credited roles retained." }, "met-jar-lustre": { "author": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "title": "Jar", "publication": "Collection record 48.113.15, late 12th–first half 13th century", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/450943", "consulted_scope": "Official collection page and Collection API record 450943; title, date, material, credit line and public domain flag checked. Image reproduced under Open Access CC0.", "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum", "short_title": "Jar 48.113.15" }, "met-jar-turquoise": { "author": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "title": "Jar", "publication": "Collection record 56.185.22, late 12th–early 13th century", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451366", "consulted_scope": "Official collection page and Collection API record 451366; title, date, material, credit line and public domain flag checked. Image reproduced under Open Access CC0.", "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum", "short_title": "Jar 56.185.22" }, "met-glass": { "author": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "title": "Bowl with Lid", "publication": "Collection record 26.77a–f, second half 13th century", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447912", "consulted_scope": "Official collection page and Collection API record 447912; title, date, material, credit line and public domain flag checked. Image reproduced under Open Access CC0.", "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum", "short_title": "Bowl with Lid 26.77a–f" }, "met-ewer": { "author": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "title": "Ewer with Inscription, Horsemen, and Vegetal Decoration", "publication": "Collection record 91.1.586, dated 623 AH/1226 CE", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/444586", "consulted_scope": "Official collection page and Collection API record 444586; title, date, material, credit line and public domain flag checked. Image reproduced under Open Access CC0.", "short_author": "Metropolitan Museum", "short_title": "Ewer with Inscription, Horsemen, and Vegetal Decoration 91.1.586" }, "cleveland-ewer": { "author": "Cleveland Museum of Art", "title": "Luxury Ewer Extending Good Fortune to the Owner", "publication": "Collection record 1956.11, dated 1223", "url": "https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1956.11", "consulted_scope": "Official collection page and Open Access API record 133460; maker, date, later lid/base additions and CC0 license checked.", "short_author": "Cleveland Museum", "short_title": "Ewer 1956.11" }, "freer-basin": { "author": "National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution", "title": "Basin", "publication": "Freer Gallery of Art, F1955.10, thirteenth century", "url": "https://asia-archive.si.edu/object/F1955.10/", "consulted_scope": "Object description and inscription attribution consulted. Photograph excluded: object page says Usage Conditions Apply; hidden generic CC0 help text is not a license for this object.", "short_author": "National Museum of Asian Art", "short_title": "Basin F1955.10" }, "freer-canteen": { "author": "National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution", "title": "Canteen", "publication": "Freer Gallery of Art, F1941.10, 1240s or 1250s", "url": "https://asia-archive.si.edu/object/F1941.10/", "consulted_scope": "Object description and iconography consulted. Photograph excluded because the object page and IIIF terms do not establish CC0 commercial reuse.", "short_author": "National Museum of Asian Art", "short_title": "Canteen F1941.10" }, "amitai": { "author": "Reuven Amitai-Preiss", "title": "Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk–Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281", "publication": "Cambridge University Press, 1995; publisher excerpt", "url": "https://assets.cambridge.org/97805215/22908/excerpt/9780521522908_excerpt.pdf", "consulted_scope": "Publisher excerpt downloaded; introduction read in page images because text layer contains publisher headers only. Limited use for the 1260 transition and wider conflict; no claim to have consulted complete book.", "short_author": "Amitai-Preiss", "short_title": "Mongols and Mamluks" }, "hama": { "author": "Robert Mantran", "title": "Hama", "publication": "TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1997, online entry", "url": "https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hama", "consulted_scope": "Historical sections consulted, particularly the 1299 interruption, Abu al-Fida’s appointment in 1310 and later royal titles.", "short_author": "Mantran", "short_title": "Hama" }, "abulfida": { "author": "Abdülkerim Özaydın", "title": "Ebü’l-Fidâ", "publication": "TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1994, online entry", "url": "https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ebul-fida", "consulted_scope": "Biographical entry consulted for prince, historian and geographer; death 1331 and works.", "short_author": "Özaydın", "short_title": "Abu al-Fida" }, "hasankeyf": { "author": "Yusuf Oğuzoğlu", "title": "Hasankeyf", "publication": "TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1997, online entry", "url": "https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hasankeyf", "consulted_scope": "Medieval and early Ottoman sections consulted. Supports local Ayyubid continuity, buildings of 1407/1409 and Malik Khalil sequence; avoids entry’s outdated present-day heritage statements.", "short_author": "Oğuzoğlu", "short_title": "Hasankeyf" }, "zeynel": { "author": "Hasankeyf District Governorate", "title": "Zeynel Bey Türbesi", "publication": "Official monument record", "url": "https://hasankeyf.gov.tr/zeynelbeyturbesi", "consulted_scope": "Official search-indexed description consulted for Aq Qoyunlu phase 1462–1482. Direct retrieval returned server error; access limitation retained.", "short_author": "Hasankeyf Governorate", "short_title": "Zeynel Bey mausoleum" }, "hasankeyf-restoration": { "author": "Adnan Çevik", "title": "Hasankeyf", "publication": "Aktüel Arkeoloji, 17 May 2020", "url": "https://aktuelarkeoloji.com.tr/kategori/arkeoloji/hasankeyf", "consulted_scope": "Historical article read; explicitly records Ayyubid restoration in 1482. Checked alongside Oğuzoğlu and governorate chronology; early Ottoman dates differ by stage, so broad wording retained.", "short_author": "Çevik", "short_title": "Hasankeyf" } }, "additional_recommended_studies": [ { "author": "R. Stephen Humphreys", "title": "From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193–1260", "publication": "SUNY Press, 1977", "url": "https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/0g354f27r", "scope": "Publisher contents and metadata only; complete restricted book not read" }, { "author": "M. C. Lyons and D. E. P. Jackson", "title": "Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War", "publication": "Cambridge University Press, 1982", "url": "https://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/17399/toc/9780521317399_toc.pdf", "scope": "Publisher contents and verified bibliographic details only; complete book not read" } ] }