{ "volume": 6, "date": "2026-11-02", "event_cutoff": "2026-10-31", "sources": { "constitution": { "author": "Constitution of Iraq", "title": "Constitution of the Republic of Iraq", "publication": "Adopted by referendum, 15 October 2005; English translation", "url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005.pdf", "short_author": "Constitution of 2005", "short_title": "Constitution of 2005", "consulted_scope": "Articles 4, 14, 49, 111–112, 117, 121 and 140. 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Interpretation attributed, not adopted as an inevitable prediction.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "division2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 2, 5 ] }, "budget2026": { "author": "KRG Negotiating Delegation", "title": "KRG Negotiating Delegation Statement", "publication": "12 September 2026", "url": "https://gov.krd/english/news-and-announcements/posts/2026/september/krg-negotiating-delegation-statement/", "short_author": "KRG Negotiating Delegation", "short_title": "Budget Negotiating Statement", "consulted_scope": "Contemporary government account of 2027 budget preparation and salary demands; does not prove all salary entitlements had been paid.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "budget2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/budget2026.html", "sha256": "5a76d72376fcd7799810bfdf426faabfdc5ef83c8a741b2e5cf2371a0fa27777", "bytes": 33125 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 2, 5 ] }, "eu2002": { "author": "European Commission", "title": "2002 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession", "publication": "9 October 2002, SEC(2002) 1412", "url": "https://ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/2_turkiye_ab_iliskileri/2_2_adaylik_sureci/2_2_1_duzenli_ilerleme_raporlari/turkiye_ilerleme_rap_2002_eng.pdf", "short_author": "European Commission", "short_title": "Regular Report of 2002", "consulted_scope": "Selected rights, emergency rule, language and reform passages; adopted measures distinguished from effective access.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "eu2002", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/eu2002.pdf", "sha256": "1124b4d6db64fef306f392b7f38265bdba8af529708f36ff6fee077fe882737f", "bytes": 702374, "pdf_pages": 161 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 6 ] }, "eu2004": { "author": "European Commission", "title": "Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkey’s progress towards accession", "publication": "6 October 2004, COM(2004) 656 final", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52004DC0656", "short_author": "European Commission", "short_title": "Recommendation of 2004", "consulted_scope": "Political reforms and broadcasting, with explicit acknowledgement of restrictive implementation.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "eu2004", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/eu2004.html", "sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "bytes": 0 } ], "initial_download_limit": "Document is empty" }, "chapter_use": [ 6, 16 ] }, "osce2015": { "author": "OSCE ODIHR", "title": "Republic of Turkey: Parliamentary Elections, 7 June 2015. 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Derived proportions clearly labelled.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "osce2015", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/osce2015.pdf", "sha256": "cb8b4e995ffea210d400d16ecc3847258db67a14e18fb78b1bbdc778900d6627", "bytes": 1041511, "pdf_pages": 34 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 7 ] }, "southeast": { "author": "OHCHR", "title": "Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey: July 2015 to December 2016", "publication": "February 2017, released 10 March 2017", "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/TR/OHCHR_South-East_TurkeyReport_10March2017.pdf", "short_author": "OHCHR", "short_title": "South East Report of 2017", "consulted_scope": "Selected urban conflict, displacement, abuses and methodology; remote monitoring and lack of access explicitly retained, estimates not treated as audited totals.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "southeast", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/southeast.pdf", "sha256": "bd123f7154628df38ce6d06cd6cb5cef6158427192a197f4adf64e8d3484588d", "bytes": 1927798, "pdf_pages": 26 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 7 ] }, "execution": { "author": "Council of Europe Committee of Ministers", "title": "Interim Resolution CM/ResDH(2023)36: Execution of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, Selahattin Demirtaş (No. 2) against Türkiye", "publication": "9 March 2023", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-223729", "short_author": "Council of Europe Committee of Ministers", "short_title": "Execution of the Demirtaş Judgment", "consulted_scope": "Supervision and non-implementation concerns; execution of a judgment distinguished from judicial findings on merits.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "execution", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden", "limit": "Official Committee of Ministers resolution consulted through web access. Original 2020 Grand Chamber judgment not represented as fully read." }, "chapter_use": [ 7 ] }, "peace-rights": { "author": "Human Rights Watch International Commission of Jurists and Türkiye Human Rights Litigation Support Project", "title": "Advancing Human Rights, Justice and Democracy for Kurds and All Other Communities in Türkiye", "publication": "6 November 2025", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/11/06/advancing-human-rights-justice-and-democracy-for-kurds-and-all-other-communities-in", "short_author": "HRW ICJ and TLSP", "short_title": "Rights and the Peace Process", "consulted_scope": "Selected language, anti-terror legislation, elected mayors and prisoners recommendations. 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Party-hosted primary political statement, not independent verification of disarmament.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "ocalan2025", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/ocalan2025.html", "sha256": "1c23528973b8cc317d6f2cdea73ec063d83a1476715c132185ca10c2abb4461d", "bytes": 16690 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "pkk2025": { "author": "Reuters", "title": "Kurdish PKK Ends Forty Year Turkey Insurgency Bringing Hope of Regional Stability", "publication": "12 May 2025; syndicated copy", "url": "https://www.investing.com/news/world-news/kurdish-pkk-dissolves-after-decades-of-struggle-with-turkey-news-agency-close-to-militants-says-4037881", "short_author": "Reuters", "short_title": "PKK Congress Announcement", "consulted_scope": "Reporting of the congress decision and immediate responses; a dissolution announcement is not treated as a completed peace settlement.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "pkk2025", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "weapons2025": { "author": "Associated Press", "title": "Key Dates in PKK Kurdish Militant Groups Decades Long Armed Struggle Against Turkey", "publication": "Updated through 11 July 2025", "url": "https://apnews.com/article/7f3e7b108aaf3afcf4fab6161847ef90", "short_author": "Associated Press", "short_title": "Symbolic Disarmament of July 2025", "consulted_scope": "11 July ceremony only: thirty participants burning weapons. An erroneous March congress label in the timeline is not used.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "weapons2025", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden", "correction": "Used 11 July ceremony; rejected erroneous March congress label in the AP timeline in favour of dated May congress reporting." }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "commission2026": { "author": "Grand National Assembly of Türkiye", "title": "National Solidarity Brotherhood and Democracy Commission Announcements", "publication": "18 February 2026, twenty first meeting", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Milli-Dayanisma-Kardeslik-Demokrasi-Komisyonu/Komisyon-Duyurulari", "short_author": "Grand National Assembly", "short_title": "Commission Report of February 2026", "consulted_scope": "Turkish primary institutional account of the commission report; procedural development, not proof of a comprehensive constitutional settlement.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "commission2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/commission2026.html", "sha256": "93d9e336f994e1d02b79b83faaefa5d47aabb0fab0882393a5e3f29f878f04e9", "bytes": 102794 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "law2026": { "author": "Grand National Assembly of Türkiye", "title": "Speaker Numan Kurtulmus Answers Questions on the National Solidarity and Social Integration Law", "publication": "24 September 2026", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Haber/Detay?Id=81b60659-1a4b-4cb1-8a95-01a0d2e1efe6", "short_author": "Grand National Assembly", "short_title": "Framework Law and Implementation", "consulted_scope": "Turkish parliamentary account stating adoption on 10 August with 467 votes and describing monitoring responsibilities. The enacted law itself is not represented as independently translated in full.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "law2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/law2026.html", "sha256": "85e604db49a67b429ed68a29ee43746a45f1a2ab9f35fc5a38f9d5ea06058c5b", "bytes": 85942 } ], "limit": "Speaker’s 24 September account consulted; not a full independently translated statute. English law name is descriptive." }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "camps2026": { "author": "Reuters", "title": "Kurdistan Workers’ Party militants quit some camps in north Iraq, Turkish sources say", "publication": "12 October 2026; syndicated by Arab News", "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/middle-east/kurdistan-workers-party-militants-quit-some-camps-in-north-iraq-turkish-sources-say-3005932", "short_author": "Reuters", "short_title": "Camp Withdrawal Reports", "consulted_scope": "Claim of withdrawal from four camps expressly attributed to Turkish security sources, not independently verified completion of all demobilization.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "camps2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 8 ] }, "pyd2014": { "author": "Human Rights Watch", "title": "Under Kurdish Rule: Abuses in PYD-run Enclaves of Syria", "publication": "19 June 2014", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/06/19/under-kurdish-rule/abuses-pyd-run-enclaves-syria", "short_author": "Human Rights Watch", "short_title": "Under Kurdish Rule", "consulted_scope": "Selected background, canton institutions, justice, opposition and child recruitment; research access and 2014 limits retained.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "pyd2014", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/pyd2014.html", "sha256": "4b215316cc4e078ecc2c13774c0eba63de622471f6449c502e440fa03b697eeb", "bytes": 397575 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 9 ] }, "contract2023": { "author": "Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria", "title": "DAANES’ Social Contract, 2023 Edition", "publication": "December 2023; English translation by Rojava Information Center", "url": "https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/", "short_author": "Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria", "short_title": "Social Contract of 2023", "consulted_scope": "Selected provisions on languages, co-chairs, communes, communities and women. A constitutional claim and organizing programme, not proof of uniform implementation.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "contract2023", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/contract2023.html", "sha256": "6a8c272e0d5f9246eee4baabdc0c1820e9dd2a7b627db5f39cb42b7c5584bfeb", "bytes": 220292 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 9, 10, 16 ] }, "kobani": { "author": "US Central Command", "title": "Statement on the Tactical Situation in Kobani Syria", "publication": "Release dated 26 January 2015; site publication 27 January", "url": "https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/NEWS-ARTICLES/News-Article-View/Article/884936/statement-from-us-central-command-on-the-tactical-situation-in-kobani-syria/", "short_author": "US Central Command", "short_title": "Kobani Tactical Statement", "consulted_scope": "Contemporary confirmation of approximately 90 percent city control; the surrounding campaign continued. A coalition operational perspective.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "kobani", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 10 ] }, "baghouz": { "author": "CJTF Operation Inherent Resolve", "title": "Coalition Partner Forces Liberate Last Territory Held by Daesh", "publication": "23 March 2019", "url": "https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/NEWS-ARTICLES/News-Article-View/Article/1793788/coalition-partner-forces-liberate-last-territory-held-by-daesh/", "short_author": "CJTF Operation Inherent Resolve", "short_title": "Territorial Defeat of Daesh", "consulted_scope": "Baghouz and end of the territorial caliphate, with explicit warning that the organization and conflict were not eliminated.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "baghouz", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 3, 10 ] }, "afrin": { "author": "Human Rights Watch", "title": "“Everything is by the Power of the Weapon”: Abuses and Impunity in Turkish-Occupied Northern Syria", "publication": "29 February 2024", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/02/29/everything-power-weapon/abuses-and-impunity-turkish-occupied-northern-syria", "short_author": "Human Rights Watch", "short_title": "Abuses in Northern Syria", "consulted_scope": "Selected detention, property, sexual violence and accountability findings; actor-specific responsibility, no collective blame for Arab or Turkish civilians.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "afrin", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/afrin.html", "sha256": "e0b193fa5873e82010eeb628030da0a117e03a4de8d14e8bb94e61b1f290704c", "bytes": 380778 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 11 ] }, "detention": { "author": "Amnesty International", "title": "Aftermath: Injustice, Torture and Death in Detention in North-East Syria", "publication": "17 April 2024, MDE 24/7752/2024", "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/MDE2477522024ENGLISH.pdf", "short_author": "Amnesty International", "short_title": "Aftermath", "consulted_scope": "Summary, methodology, system estimates and authorities’ responses. Approximate 2024 population breakdowns are dated and not equated with convicted perpetrators.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "detention", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/detention.pdf", "sha256": "73f8a3722ba8732bf0491ca024786f2e87567fadfce26fbdd821dda507ce7d80", "bytes": 11220350, "pdf_pages": 289 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 11 ] }, "water": { "author": "UNICEF", "title": "Syrian Arab Republic Humanitarian Situation Report Mid Year 2024", "publication": "Reporting period 1 January to 30 June 2024", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/media/160481/file/Syria-Humanitarian-SitRep-30-June-2024.pdf", "short_author": "UNICEF", "short_title": "Syria Situation Report of June 2024", "consulted_scope": "Selected Alouk station, water, camps and education passages; dated service conditions, not a current operational claim.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "water", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/water.pdf", "sha256": "8f79fd109509d66f5649add247a180da5b4b40dc126f2e3682a8c7556f9767fd", "bytes": 3938151, "pdf_pages": 18 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 11 ] }, "children2019": { "author": "UN Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict", "title": "Syrian Democratic Forces Sign Action Plan to End and Prevent the Recruitment and Use of Children", "publication": "1 July 2019; signing 29 June", "url": "https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/en/syrian-democratic-forces-sign-action-plan-to-end-and-prevent-the-recruitment-and-use-of-children", "short_author": "UN Children and Armed Conflict", "short_title": "SDF Action Plan of 2019", "consulted_scope": "Signing and commitments regarding under-eighteens, not evidence that all recruitment stopped on signature.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "children2019", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/children2019.html", "sha256": "cc812197dfdc2bff998232175086e48c998e2100727890be77fa76dcdf7fdfdf", "bytes": 127982 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 10 ] }, "children2026": { "author": "Vanessa Frazier and UN Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict", "title": "Remarks to the Security Council 10143rd Meeting on Syria", "publication": "22 April 2026, Security Council 10143rd meeting", "url": "https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/en/news/srsg-caac-fraziers-remarks-un-security-council-10143rd-meeting-syria", "short_author": "UN Children and Armed Conflict", "short_title": "Child Protection Briefing of 2026", "consulted_scope": "Complete briefing, with selected detention-transfer, Al-Hol closure and 2019 action-plan passages used. Progress and remaining recruitment concerns distinguished.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "children2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/children2026.html", "sha256": "d413ccdff910c7de18df5d5af1a004884da6504957fcee49bb8aac221c948547", "bytes": 109424 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 10, 11 ] }, "march2025": { "author": "Syrian Presidency", "title": "Agreement to Integrate the SDF into the Institutions of the Syrian Arab Republic", "publication": "10 March 2025; text published by SANA", "url": "https://sana.sy/en/syria/349228/", "short_author": "Syrian Presidency", "short_title": "Agreement of 10 March 2025", "consulted_scope": "All eight points; rights, ceasefire, integration, resources and year-end timetable. A primary text from one signatory’s official agency.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "march2025", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/march2025.html", "sha256": "6338aa66dfa4faeebf0ef9e2fd1a0590e61b91e8794cc8c632f2fdf18cab158f", "bytes": 105072 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 12 ] }, "syria2026": { "author": "Philip Loft and House of Commons Library", "title": "Syria in 2026: Interim government and Kurdish integration", "publication": "2 September 2026, CBP 10430", "url": "https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10430/", "short_author": "House of Commons Library", "short_title": "Syria and Kurdish Integration in 2026", "consulted_scope": "Selected January fighting, late-January agreements, August announcement and unresolved representation; used alongside primary statements, not as proof of full implementation.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "syria2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/syria2026.html", "sha256": "4b24b8e70b0b54443422fec94d2360fd84f0b08128930c5920f10e4ca3f23a61", "bytes": 117057 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 12 ] }, "sdf2026": { "author": "Syrian Arab News Agency", "title": "Five key stages mark Syria’s 17-month SDF integration process", "publication": "28 August 2026", "url": "https://sana.sy/en/syria/2339031/", "short_author": "Syrian Arab News Agency", "short_title": "SDF Dissolution Announcement", "consulted_scope": "Government account of the 25 August announcement. Claims of completed integration qualified against the UN October briefing.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "sdf2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/sdf2026.html", "sha256": "802d024ee7027289a746951c3d432587b835fb2b1a746a6ce4aee73bfb6a3aca", "bytes": 113603 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 12 ] }, "october2026": { "author": "Claudio Cordone and UN Office of the Special Envoy for Syria", "title": "Briefing to the Security Council", "publication": "12 October 2026; UN-authored text reproduced by Daleel Madani", "url": "https://daleel-madani.org/civil-society-directory/united-nations-office-special-envoy-syria/press-releases/deputy-special-envoy-secretary-general-syria-claudio-cordone-briefing-security-council-12-october", "short_author": "UN Deputy Special Envoy for Syria", "short_title": "Syria Briefing of October 2026", "consulted_scope": "Paragraphs 19–20 on integration, salary payments, women’s units, Kurdish education, certificates, property and returns; the primary UN text is consulted in reproduction.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "october2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden", "limit": "UN-authored statement read in an explicitly identified third-party reproduction." }, "chapter_use": [ 12 ] }, "iran2008": { "author": "Amnesty International", "title": "Iran: Human rights abuses against the Kurdish minority", "publication": "30 July 2008, MDE 13/088/2008", "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/088/2008/en/", "short_author": "Amnesty International", "short_title": "Kurdish Minority Report of 2008", "consulted_scope": "Selected education, language, religion, women and civil activists. Uncertain population estimate not adopted; website index-number inconsistencies checked against PDF.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iran2008", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/iran2008-full.pdf", "sha256": "3e4827963364f82e2920591f1d8fd7af207057b63cba6308187278a81bd9004b", "bytes": 1455151, "pdf_pages": 61 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 13 ] }, "iran2019": { "author": "Amnesty International", "title": "A Web of Impunity: The Killings Iran’s Internet Shutdown Hid", "publication": "16 November 2020; dataset update 16 November 2021", "url": "https://iran-shutdown.amnesty.org/", "short_author": "Amnesty International", "short_title": "A Web of Impunity", "consulted_scope": "November 2019 protest dates, internet shutdown and documented cases; updated 323-record dataset distinguished from the original 304 figure. No claim of a final total.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iran2019", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/iran2019.html", "sha256": "015f6ec74f4fa30f9d7ac7bd3d1f1c09eb0c34043185a966a1c74f08c3e4d359", "bytes": 1174738 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 13 ] }, "ffm2024": { "author": "UN Fact Finding Mission on Iran", "title": "Report of the independent international fact-finding mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran", "publication": "2 February 2024, A/HRC/55/67; presented March", "url": "https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/008/67/pdf/g2400867.pdf", "short_author": "UN Fact Finding Mission", "short_title": "Iran Report of 2024", "consulted_scope": "Selected findings on Jina Mahsa Amini’s death, discrimination, the protests and crimes against humanity. Investigative findings distinguished from a criminal conviction.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "ffm2024", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/ffm2024.pdf", "sha256": "7c86a5b8c7dde83de100b055cbe41156673cd5740dafba2ce84dcd6c9ebe7cdd", "bytes": 288221, "pdf_pages": 20 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 14 ] }, "ffm2025": { "author": "UN Fact Finding Mission on Iran", "title": "Report of the independent international fact-finding mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran", "publication": "14 March 2025, A/HRC/58/63, advance unedited English version", "url": "https://www.iranrights.org/attachments/library/doc_1221.pdf", "short_author": "UN Fact Finding Mission", "short_title": "Iran Report of 2025", "consulted_scope": "Selected sections on persecution of women, ethnic and religious minorities, and accountability, in the complete 19-page English report. Not the separate detailed conference-room paper.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "ffm2025", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/ffm2025-full.pdf", "sha256": "28df4028fe0fc71b5b75ec9e57def7b0167457f17576a6b87a232c1b3de3d099", "bytes": 307364, "pdf_pages": 19 } ], "limit": "19-page A/HRC/58/63 report, not the distinct detailed conference-room paper; selected relevant sections read." }, "chapter_use": [ 14 ] }, "iranjan2026": { "author": "Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International", "title": "Iran: Authorities’ Renewed Cycle of Protest Bloodshed", "publication": "8 January 2026", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/01/08/iran-authorities-renewed-cycle-of-protest-bloodshed", "short_author": "Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International", "short_title": "Protest Bloodshed of January 2026", "consulted_scope": "Early protests, Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah evidence; Kurdish and Luri communities distinguished. Early counts not reused as the final national toll.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iranjan2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/iranjan2026.html", "sha256": "c69df925b00f720eb4f74ed9f0596aa9d85225dbe049964d45419f0e94153ad5", "bytes": 217984 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "iranmass2026": { "author": "Human Rights Watch", "title": "Iran: Growing Evidence of Countrywide Massacres", "publication": "16 January 2026", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/01/16/iran-growing-evidence-of-countrywide-massacres", "short_author": "Human Rights Watch", "short_title": "Evidence of January Massacres", "consulted_scope": "Methods, verified footage and reported killings, with communications blackout and verification limits. No unsupported aggregate death figure.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iranmass2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/iranmass2026.html", "sha256": "b9fd0053759265279339e3ee1dd51d8e7a0bd17b3bdbf872aa7b990d0a56cbd9", "bytes": 227935 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "iransep2026": { "author": "Human Rights Watch and Abdorrahman Boroumand Center", "title": "Iran: Ongoing Unlawful Execution Campaign Against Protesters", "publication": "10 September 2026", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters", "short_author": "HRW and Boroumand Center", "short_title": "Execution Campaign of 2026", "consulted_scope": "Selected documentation of executions and unfair proceedings through August; legal characterizations attributed, no prediction of an individual prisoner’s fate.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iransep2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/iransep2026.html", "sha256": "38d5d44b74cb4a8fe9d694d96e3e9ae3937b45fcd8a0685f186b305a6ab42027", "bytes": 258851 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "war2026": { "author": "UN Fact Finding Mission on Iran", "title": "Iran: Civilians trapped between extreme State repression and violations arising from devastating conflict with US, Israel, UN Fact-Finding Mission finds", "publication": "17 September 2026; OHCHR statement reproduced by GlobalSecurity", "url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/2026/09/iran-260917-ohchr01.htm", "short_author": "UN Fact Finding Mission", "short_title": "Iran Conflict and Repression in 2026", "consulted_scope": "Primary UN statement on the January crackdown and conflict beginning 28 February. Findings are reasonable-grounds investigative conclusions, not a final court ruling.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "war2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/war2026.html", "sha256": "2c54459058a186b4cff68a1b0ee1f4a8cf53c585691f3ac6846be11dedd85d0e", "bytes": 32372 } ], "limit": "UN-authored statement read in an explicitly identified third-party reproduction." }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "kurds2026": { "author": "UK Home Office", "title": "Country bulletin Iran: Kurds and Kurdish political groups, May 2026", "publication": "May 2026", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/iran-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-bulletin-iran-kurds-and-kurdish-political-groups-may-2026-accessible", "short_author": "UK Home Office", "short_title": "Kurdish Political Groups in 2026", "consulted_scope": "Selected coalition, cross-border attacks and competing claims. Reporting of possible operations distinguished from independently established military action.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "kurds2026", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/kurds2026.html", "sha256": "768236ae1ff40b152592de54d9d3b140ecb9a37c8d2de7a35fd27ca6035605fe", "bytes": 251801 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "iranchoices": { "author": "Winthrop M. Rodgers", "title": "Kurdish groups in Iran face risky dilemma amid unclear US endgame", "publication": "9 March 2026, Chatham House", "url": "https://www.chathamhouse.org/2026/03/kurdish-groups-iran-face-risky-dilemma-amid-unclear-us-endgame", "short_author": "Rodgers", "short_title": "Kurdish Groups and the Iran War", "consulted_scope": "Analysis of coalition members and political risks; not treated as a primary statement of every party’s position.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "iranchoices", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 403: Forbidden" }, "chapter_use": [ 15 ] }, "nato": { "author": "Türkiye Finland and Sweden", "title": "Trilateral Memorandum", "publication": "Madrid, 28 June 2022", "url": "https://um.fi/documents/35732/0/TU+SWE+FIN.pdf/03efa85e-a936-da51-4e09-a98ce514238c", "short_author": "Türkiye Finland and Sweden", "short_title": "Trilateral Memorandum of 2022", "consulted_scope": "Complete three-page Finnish Foreign Ministry copy read; paragraphs 4–5 used. The earlier NATO URL now returns 404. Domestic implementation is not inferred from the memorandum alone.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "nato", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/nato-full.pdf", "sha256": "0cc09f282db601150e468acd7ed7d471e28184376a96e7d9aea533fb7a5a69eb", "bytes": 1742417, "pdf_pages": 3 } ], "initial_download_limit": "HTTP Error 404: Not Found" }, "chapter_use": [ 16 ] }, "climate": { "author": "World Weather Attribution", "title": "Human-induced climate change compounded by socio-economic water stressors increased severity of 5-year drought in Iran and Euphrates and Tigris basin", "publication": "21 November 2025, observation-only update", "url": "https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/human-induced-climate-change-compounded-by-socio-economic-water-stressors-increased-severity-of-5-year-drought-in-iran-and-euphrates-and-tigris-basin/", "short_author": "World Weather Attribution", "short_title": "Drought Attribution Update", "consulted_scope": "Selected findings on warming, evaporation and non-climate water stress. No claim that climate alone caused a war or that regional food insecurity equals a formally classified famine.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "climate", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [], "initial_download_limit": "IncompleteRead(7740 bytes read)", "correction": "Used attribution findings on warming, evaporation and water stress; did not reproduce the page’s unsupported famine wording." }, "chapter_use": [ 16 ] }, "avesta": { "author": "Association of American Publishers", "title": "Avesta Publishing House Receives 2026 AAP International Freedom to Publish Award", "publication": "7 October 2026", "url": "https://publishers.org/news/avesta-publishing-house-receives-2026-aap-international-freedom-to-publish-award/", "short_author": "Association of American Publishers", "short_title": "Avesta Freedom to Publish Award", "consulted_scope": "Award, publisher’s work and reported censorship history. Awarding association’s announcement, not an independently inspected dossier of every prosecution.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "avesta", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/avesta.html", "sha256": "9c276abbf874689d8c38a934960277a58c3e5ccab8d7e04d31c9e532b4377e65", "bytes": 74737 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 16 ] }, "cordi": { "author": "Sina Ahmadi, Daban Q. Jaff, Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam and Antonios Anastasopoulos", "title": "Language and Speech Technology for Central Kurdish Varieties", "publication": "4 March 2024, arXiv:2403.01983; LREC-COLING 2024", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.01983", "short_author": "Ahmadi and colleagues", "short_title": "Language and Speech Technology", "consulted_scope": "Abstract and Introduction in the full downloaded paper; methods and results beyond those selected passages not presented as independently replicated.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "cordi", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/cordi-full.pdf", "sha256": "627dbfe5efca6d764e1f034ea71faaad170b56ef78478227b2965d8aaf156164", "bytes": 1943574, "pdf_pages": 13 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 16 ] }, "bamberg": { "author": "University of Bamberg Press", "title": "Bamberg Studies in Kurdish Linguistics", "publication": "Series description and publication catalogue, accessed 2 November 2026", "url": "https://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/verlagsprogramm/reihen/bamberg-studies-in-kurdish-linguistics/", "short_author": "University of Bamberg Press", "short_title": "Studies in Kurdish Linguistics", "consulted_scope": "Series description and open-access model, as an example of scholarship and language documentation; individual listed books not all read.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "bamberg", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/bamberg.html", "sha256": "244e7bc32bf0e350ebc0c114afba9212bde988d0aeb9d22ee102fbb54cb58064", "bytes": 53982 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 16 ] }, "obama": { "author": "Barack Obama", "title": "Letter from the President — War Powers Resolution Regarding Iraq", "publication": "8 August 2014", "url": "https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/2014/08/08/letter-president-war-powers-resolution-regarding-iraq", "short_author": "Obama", "short_title": "War Powers Letter of August 2014", "consulted_scope": "Complete short presidential letter; stated legal rationale and humanitarian and military objectives are a government account.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "obama", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/obama.html", "sha256": "1075e7ad4951f80c4999b9c6ad2aee4fc4c47cfa9f0ef22daec46dba3a5b0933", "bytes": 31569 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 3 ] }, "oct2019": { "author": "United States and Turkey", "title": "The United States and Turkey Agree to Ceasefire in Northeast Syria", "publication": "17 October 2019", "url": "https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/united-states-turkey-agree-ceasefire-northeast-syria/", "short_author": "United States and Turkey", "short_title": "Joint Statement of October 2019", "consulted_scope": "All thirteen points, including the 120-hour pause and YPG withdrawal; no Kurdish signatory or independent autonomy guarantee.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "oct2019", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/oct2019.html", "sha256": "44995edb63eb79214b17bc6b5913376472621f0b0d3d15985fd33a55e5b75fbe", "bytes": 68644 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 11 ] }, "kolbar": { "author": "UN Secretary-General", "title": "Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "publication": "4 August 2021, A/76/268", "url": "https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3938178/files/A_76_268-EN.pdf", "short_author": "UN Secretary-General", "short_title": "Iran Human Rights Report of 2021", "consulted_scope": "Selected economic conditions and border-courier evidence; Kurdish kolbar and Baluchi sookhtbar are not conflated.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "kolbar", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/kolbar.pdf", "sha256": "d0e45215d7007f4bab8575ce88717efecc2af8e097815b6328aa2c8e027807a6", "bytes": 477190, "pdf_pages": 19 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 13 ] }, "peace2014": { "author": "International Crisis Group", "title": "Turkey and the PKK: Saving the Peace Process", "publication": "6 November 2014, Europe Report 234", "url": "https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1130695/1002_1415293444_234-turkey-and-the-pkk-saving-the-peace-process.pdf", "short_author": "International Crisis Group", "short_title": "Saving the Peace Process", "consulted_scope": "Executive summary and selected negotiation, reform and local-government sections; interview-based contemporary analysis, not a transcript of all negotiations.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "peace2014", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/peace2014.pdf", "sha256": "73a2836d4e0a5ccf387c21631215ab09cb501a832f13c698c3be884689bf8358", "bytes": 1424250, "pdf_pages": 53 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 6 ] }, "rojava2013": { "author": "International Crisis Group", "title": "Syria’s Kurds: A Struggle Within a Struggle", "publication": "22 January 2013, Middle East Report 136", "url": "https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/icg/0027075/f_0027075_22123.pdf", "short_author": "International Crisis Group", "short_title": "Syria’s Kurds", "consulted_scope": "Executive summary and selected Kurdish political and regional relations sections; contemporary interview-based analysis.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "rojava2013", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Local source record plus web consultation", "files": [ { "path": "work/volume6/research/rojava2013.pdf", "sha256": "9dca660bccb2f3f6c341cf7c9842643ccbbd46e79d39b3b481e69d5390b79476", "bytes": 2050585, "pdf_pages": 57 } ] }, "chapter_use": [ 9 ] }, "raqqa": { "author": "CJTF Operation Inherent Resolve", "title": "Syrian Democratic Forces Liberate Raqqah", "publication": "20 October 2017", "url": "https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PUBLIC-RELEASES/Article/1349047/syrian-democratic-forces-liberate-raqqah/", "short_author": "CJTF Operation Inherent Resolve", "short_title": "Raqqa Statement of October 2017", "consulted_scope": "Complete short coalition statement; operational perspective, not an independent civilian-casualty investigation.", "accessed": "2026-11-02", "source_key": "raqqa", "access": { "consultation": "Selected cited passages/sections, as specified in consulted_scope; no full-work claim unless that scope explicitly says complete.", "method": "Web consultation of identified source passages; local full-text download unavailable", "files": [] }, "chapter_use": [ 10 ] }, "nightmare": { "author": "Human Rights Watch", "title": "The Nightmare in Iraq", "publication": "9 August 2014", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/09/nightmare-iraq", "short_author": "Human Rights Watch", "short_title": "Sinjar Report of August 2014", "consulted_scope": "Contemporary accounts of flight, attack and withdrawal. 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